In a new JGR article, K. Imai and co-authors compare ozone profiles measured by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) with those from ozonesondes. Comparing profiles between the 16-30km range, they found generally good agreement (within 5-7% for 18-30km at mid- and high latitudes). At low latitudes the SMILES observations showed higher ozone values (6-15% larger between 20-26km). Exploring several possible issues that may induce bias, they found that a biases from the ozonesonde pressure sensors were likely to be within a few percent. In contrast, they found that the ozonesonde response time could account for a negative bias of the ascending ozonesonde measurement of up to 7% at 20km in equatorial latitudes. Applying a bias correction for this factor improved the agreement between ozonesondes and SMILES. The full abstract can be found here.

S.-W. Son and co-authors show that the ozone hole has not only affected long-term climate change, but also interannual variability of the southern hemisphere (SH) surface climate. In their new GRL article, they show that a significant negative correlation is observed between September ozone concentration and the October Southern Annular Mode index, resulting in systematic variations in precipitation and surface air temperature throughout the SH. This time-lagged relationship is independent of those associated with ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode, suggesting that SH seasonal forecasts could be improved through including Antarctic stratospheric variability. The full abstract can be found here.

M. C. Reader and co-authors present a modeling study of zone changes from pre-industrial times in a recent GRL article. The influence of changes in climate, ozone-depleting substances, N₂O, and tropospheric ozone precursors was estimated using equilibrium simulations. From the pre-industrial to the present, it was found that a significant contributor to total column ozone can be attributed to the increase in lower-stratospheric ozone resulting from the increase in tropospheric ozone precursors. The full abstract can be found here.

Session conveners Thomas Reichler from the University of Utah, Bo Christiansen from the Danish Meteorological Institute, and Seak-Woo Son from the McGill University are inviting you to submit an abstract to session AS1.15 on the "Dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere" at the EGU 2014. Deadline for abstracts is 16 Janaury 2014, and for financial support: 29 November 2013 CET. EGU 2014 will take place in Vienna, Austria, on 27 April-2 May 2014.

A new article by R. Plougonven and F. Zhang in Reviews of Geophysics presents current knowledge and understanding on gravity waves near jets and fronts. It has been known for several decades that jets and fronts are significant sources of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere, which contribute to local mixing and impact tropospheric convection, amongst other things. The mechanisms responsible for the emission of these waves remains uncertain, in part because of the complexity of the environment in which they appear. This paper presents a review of gravity waves near jets and fronts from observations, theory, and modelling, and also discusses challenges for progress in the coming years. The full abstract can be found here.

In a new ACPD article, M. Rex and co-authors show the existence of a minimum in OH and tropospheric ozone column over the west Pacific, one of the main source regions for stratospheric air. This minimum amplifies the impact of surface emissions on the stratospheric composition, in particular emissions from biogenic halogenated species may have an impact on stratospheric ozone depletion, while increasing anthropogenic emissions of SO₂ from south east Asia and minor volcanic eruptions may affect the stratospheric aerosol budget. The full abstract can be found here.

S. P. Alexander and co-authors quantify the proportion of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) due to orographic wave forcing in a recent JGR article. Looking at data from four winter seasons for both the Antarctic and Arctic they show that in the regions downstream of mountain ranges more than 75% of water ice PSCs and around 50% of a high number density liquid nitric acid trihydrate mixture class result from orographic wave activity. In the synoptically warmer Arctic 12% of all PSCs are attributed to orographic wave forcing, while for the Antarctic this proportion is much lower (5%). The full abstract can be found here.

As part of the SPARC Data Initiative, S. Tegtmeier and co-authors present some of the main findings from the comparison of ozone climatologies from satellite limb sounders in a new JGR article. The ozone climatologies cover altitudes from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere and are obtained from a host of instruments over the period 1978-2010 (LIMS, SAGE I, SAGE II, UARS-MLS, HALOE, POAM II, POAM III, SMR, OSIRIS, SAGE III, MIPAS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS, ACE-MAESTRO, Aura-MLS, HIRDLS, and SMILES). The inter-comparisons focus on mean biases based on monthly and annual zonal mean fields, on inter-annual variability and on seasonal cycles. Their results indicate that uncertainty in terms of the mean state of ozone is lowest in the tropical middle stratosphere and in the mid-latitude lower and middle stratosphere, where the instrument spread is less than ±5%. Large differences between data sets exist in the tropical lower stratosphere and in the high latitudes, where instrument spread is ±30% and ±15%, respectively. The evaluations provide a very useful guidance tool for choice of reliable data sets for different applications. The full abstract can be found here.

Using the WACCM chemistry-climate model, L.A. Holt and co-authors investigate the effect of major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and elevated-stratopause events (ES) on the transport of NOx produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) during the Northern Hemisphere winter. The model simulations indicate large increases in NOx following SSW and ES events, which are attributed to an increase in the descending branch of the residual circulation (w*) following an event. Interestingly, the earlier and event occurs in winter, the more NOx descends into the stratosphere. The full abstract can be found here.

As part of the SPARC Data Initiative, M. Toohey and co-authors investigate the instrument biases relating to non-uniform sampling of the atmosphere in a new JGR article. Potential sampling bias in the stratospheric climatologies of ozone and water vapour are characterised using a chemistry-climate model. For ozone, monthly sampling bias exceeds 10% for many instruments in the high latitudes as well as in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). Sampling biases for water vapour were generally smaller, but still important in the UTLS and the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. Non-uniform temporal sampling was found to be the most important mechanism leading to both monthly and annual sampling bias. Similarly, non-uniform spatial sampling was found to be relevant, particularly for those climatologies that were otherwise free of biases due to non-uniform temporal sampling. The full abstract can be found here.